Graphic Design with ggplot2

Cara Membuat Visualisasi yang Menarik di R

Hello ggplot2

{ggplot2} package description

The ggplot2 hex logo.


{ggplot2} adalah library di R untuk membuat grafik secara mudah dan terstruktur,
berdasarkan konsep “The Grammar of Graphics” (Wilkinson, 2005).

Keunggulan {ggplot2}

  • Berdasarkan konsep “Grammar of Graphics” yang konsisten (Wilkinson, 2005)
  • Fleksibel karena menggunakan sistem lapisan (layer)
  • Mudah mempercantik tampilan grafik dengan sistem tema
  • Banyak fitur tambahan dari paket ekstensi
Allison Horsts monster illustration of explorative plotting with ggplot2.

Illustration by Allison Horst

A collection of the versatility of ggplot2 to create basic graphs. All of them use the default grey ggplot2 theme.

ggplot2 Examples featured on ggplot2.tidyverse.org

Allison Horsts monster illustration of building data masterpiece ith ggplot2 featuring a little Picasso monster :)

Illustration by Allison Horst

Contoh

## Scatter Plot antara bikes$count dan bikes$temp
ggplot(bikes, aes(temp_feel, count)) +
  geom_point(size = 2.2)

ggplot(bikes, aes(temp_feel, count)) +
  ## Titik berwarna dan semi-transparan
  geom_point(
    aes(color = season),
    size = 2.2, alpha = .55
  )
`geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

ggplot(bikes, aes(temp_feel, count)) +
  geom_point(
    aes(color = season),
    size = 2.2, alpha = .55
  ) +
  ## Menambahkan garis tren linear 
  geom_smooth(
    aes(group = day_night),
    method = "lm", color = "black"
  )
`geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

ggplot(bikes, aes(temp_feel, count)) +
  geom_point(
    aes(color = season),
    size = 2.2, alpha = .55
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(group = day_night),
    method = "lm", color = "black"
  ) +
  ## Membuat beberapa grafik kecil
  facet_grid(day_night ~ is_workday)
`geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

ggplot(bikes, aes(temp_feel, count)) +
  geom_point(
    aes(color = season),
    size = 2.2, alpha = .55
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(group = day_night),
    method = "lm", color = "black"
  ) +
  ## Membuat beberapa grafik dan berukuran proporsional terhadap data
  facet_grid(
    day_night ~ is_workday,
    scales = "free_y", space = "free_y"
  )
`geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

ggplot(bikes, aes(temp_feel, count)) +
  geom_point(
    aes(color = season),
    size = 2.2, alpha = .55
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(group = day_night),
    method = "lm", color = "black"
  ) +
  facet_grid(
    day_night ~ is_workday,
    scales = "free_y", space = "free_y"
  ) +
  ## add labels + titles
  labs(
    x = "Suhu yang Dirasakan", y = NULL,
    caption = "Data: TfL (Transport for London), Jan 2015 — Dec 2016",
    title = "Perbandingan jumlah penyewaan sepeda dan suhu yang dirasakan di London menurut waktu, periode, dan musim."
  )
`geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

ggplot(bikes, aes(temp_feel, count)) +
  geom_point(
    aes(color = season),
    size = 2.2, alpha = .55
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(group = day_night),
    method = "lm", color = "black"
  ) +
  facet_grid(
    day_night ~ is_workday,
    scales = "free_y", space = "free_y"
  ) +
  ## Tambahkan warna kustom dan atur gaya legenda
  scale_color_manual(
    values = c("#3c89d9", "#1ec99b", "#F7B01B", "#a26e7c"), name = "Season:",
    guide = guide_legend(override.aes = list(size = 5))
  ) +
  labs(
    x = "Suhu yang Dirasakan", y = NULL,
    caption = "Data: TfL (Transport for London), Jan 2015 — Dec 2016",
    title = "Perbandingan jumlah penyewaan sepeda dan suhu yang dirasakan di London menurut waktu, periode, dan musim."
  ) +
  ## Gunakan tema dan jenis huruf yang berbeda
  theme_light(base_size = 18, base_family = "Cabinet Grotesk")
`geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## Kode untuk mengatur teks pada label facet
codes <- c(
  workday = "Workday",
  weekend_or_holiday = "Weekend or Holiday"
)

ggplot(bikes, aes(temp_feel, count)) +
  ## format seasons
  geom_point(
    aes(color = forcats::fct_relabel(season, stringr::str_to_title)),
    size = 2.2, alpha = .55
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(group = day_night),
    method = "lm", color = "black"
  ) +
  ## Memformat teks pada label facet
  facet_grid(
    day_night ~ is_workday,
    scales = "free_y", space = "free_y",
    labeller = labeller(
      day_night = stringr::str_to_title,
      is_workday = codes
    )
  ) +
  ## menyesuaikan tampilan sumbu X
  scale_x_continuous(
    expand = c(.02, .02),
    breaks = 0:6*5, labels = function(x) paste0(x, "°C")
  ) +
  ## menyesuaikan tampilan sumbu Y
  scale_y_continuous(
    expand = c(.1, .1), limits = c(0, NA),
    breaks = 0:5*10000, labels = scales::comma_format()
  ) +
  scale_color_manual(
    values = c("#3c89d9", "#1ec99b", "#F7B01B", "#a26e7c"), name = NULL,
    guide = guide_legend(override.aes = list(size = 5))
  ) +
  labs(
    x = "Suhu yang Dirasakan", y = NULL,
    caption = "Data: TfL (Transport for London), Jan 2015 — Dec 2016",
    title = "Perbandingan jumlah penyewaan sepeda dan suhu yang dirasakan di London menurut waktu, periode, dan musim."
  ) +
  theme_light(
    base_size = 18, base_family = "Cabinet Grotesk"
  ) +
  ## Penyesuaian tema
  theme(
    plot.title.position = "plot",
    plot.caption.position = "plot",
    plot.title = element_text(face = "bold"),
    strip.text = element_text(face = "bold"),
    legend.position = "top"
  )
`geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

codes <- c(
  workday = "Workday",
  weekend_or_holiday = "Weekend or Holiday"
)

ggplot(bikes, aes(temp_feel, count)) +
  ## Menambahkan garis tepi (outline) pada titik
  geom_point(
    color = "black", fill = "white",
    shape = 21, size = 2.8
  ) +
  ### Latar belakang titik yang tidak transparan
  geom_point(
    color = "white", size = 2.2
  ) +
  ## Titik berwarna dan semi-transparan
  geom_point(
    aes(color = forcats::fct_relabel(season, stringr::str_to_title)),
    size = 2.2, alpha = .55
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(group = day_night), method = "lm", color = "black"
  ) +
  facet_grid(
    day_night ~ is_workday,
    scales = "free_y", space = "free_y",
    labeller = labeller(
      day_night = stringr::str_to_title,
      is_workday = codes
    )
  ) +
  scale_x_continuous(
    expand = c(.02, .02),
    breaks = 0:6*5, labels = function(x) paste0(x, "°C")
  ) +
  scale_y_continuous(
    expand = c(.1, .1), limits = c(0, NA),
    breaks = 0:5*10000, labels = scales::comma_format()
  ) +
  scale_color_manual(
    values = c("#3c89d9", "#1ec99b", "#F7B01B", "#a26e7c"), name = NULL,
    guide = guide_legend(override.aes = list(size = 5))
  ) +
  labs(
    x = "Suhu yang Dirasakan", y = NULL,
    caption = "Data: TfL (Transport for London), Jan 2015 — Dec 2016",
    title = "Perbandingan jumlah penyewaan sepeda dan suhu yang dirasakan di London menurut waktu, periode, dan musim."
  ) +
  theme_light(
    base_size = 18, base_family = "Cabinet Grotesk"
  ) +
  ## Penyesuaian tema secara lebih detail
  theme(
    plot.title.position = "plot",
    plot.caption.position = "plot",
    plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", size = rel(1.3)),
    axis.text = element_text(family = "Tabular"),
    axis.title.x = element_text(hjust = 0, color = "grey30", margin = margin(t = 12)),
    strip.text = element_text(face = "bold" , size = rel(1.15)),
    panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
    panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
    panel.spacing = unit(1.2, "lines"),
    legend.position = "top",
    legend.text = element_text(size = rel(1)),
    ## Menyesuaikan dengan tampilan atau latar belakang slide
    legend.key = element_rect(color = "#f8f8f8", fill = "#f8f8f8"),
    legend.background = element_rect(color = "#f8f8f8", fill = "#f8f8f8"),
    plot.background = element_rect(color = "#f8f8f8", fill = "#f8f8f8")
  )